10 (number)?????????????
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10 (ten 
i/ˈtɛn/) is an even natural number following 9 and preceding 11. Ten is the base of the decimal numeral system, by far the most common system of denoting numbers in both spoken and written language. The reason for the choice of ten is assumed to be that humans have ten ????????????fingers (digits).
In common usage and derived terms
A collection of ten items (most often ten years) is called a decade.
The ordinal adjective is denary.
Increasing a quantity by one order of magnitude is most widely understood to mean multiplying the quantity by ten.
To reduce something by one-tenth is to decimate.
(In ancient Rome, the killing of one in ten soldiers in a cohort was
the punishment for cowardice or mutiny; or, one-tenth of the able-bodied
men in a village as a form of retribution, thus causing a labor
shortage and threat of starvation in agrarian societies.)???????????????
With
ten being the base of the decimal system, a scale of 1 to 10 is often
used to rank things, as a smaller version of a 1-to-100 scale (as is
used in percentages and wine-tasting). Hence, something that scores perfectly is "a perfect ten". A person who is attractive
and physically flawless is often said to be "a ten", from the idea of
ranking that person's appearance and sex-appeal on a 1-to-10 scale.[citation needed]
In mathematics?????????
Ten is a composite number, its proper divisors being 1, 2 and 5. Ten is the smallest noncototient, a number that cannot be expressed as the difference between any integer and the total number of coprimes below it.
Ten is the second discrete semiprime (2.5) and the second member of the (2.q) discrete
semiprime family. Ten has an
aliquot sum σ(n) of 8 and is accordingly the first discrete
semiprime to be in deficit. All subsequent discrete
semiprimes are in deficit. The
aliquot sequence for 10 comprises five members (10,8,7,1,0) with this number being the s
econd composite member of the 7-aliquot tree.
It is the aliquot sum of only one number the ??????????????discrete semiprime 14.
Ten is a semi-meandric number.
Ten is the sum of the first three prime numbers, of the four first numbers (1 + 2 + 3 + 4), of the square of the two first odd numbers and also of the first four factorials (0! + 1! + 2! + 3!). Ten is the eighth Perrin number, preceded in the sequence by 5, 5, 7.
A polygon with ten sides is a decagon, and 10 is a decagonal number. But it is also a triangular number and a centered triangular number.
Ten is the number of n-Queens Problem solutions for n = 5.
Ten is the smallest number whose status as a possible friendly number is unknown.
In numeral systems
Decimal system
As is the case for any base in its system, ten is the first two-digit
number in decimal and thus the lowest number where the position of a
numeral affects its value. Any integer written in the decimal system can
be multiplied by ten by adding a zero to the end (e.g. 855 * 10 =
8550).
Roman numerals
The Roman numeral for ten is X
(which looks like two V's [the Roman numeral for 5] put together); it
is thought that the V for five is derived from an open hand (five digits
displayed). Incidentally, the Chinese word numeral for ten, is a cross, too: 十.
Positional numeral systems other than decimal
The digit '1' followed by '0' is how the value of p is written in base p. (E.g. 16 in hexadecimal is 10.)
Properties:
List of basic calculations
| Division |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
 |
10 |
5 |
 |
2.5 |
2 |
 |
 |
1.25 |
 |
1 |
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1 |
|
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
In science
The meaning "10" is part of the f
ollowing terms:
- decapoda, an order of crustaceans with ten feet
decane, a hydrocarbon with 10 carbon atoms
Also, the number 10 plays a role in the following:
Astronomy
- The Saros number of the solar eclipse series which began on -2467 February 28 and ended on -1169 April 18. The duration of Saros series 10 was 1298.1 years, and it contained 73 solar eclipses.
- The Saros number of the lunar eclipse series which began on -2454 June 17 and ended on -1138 August 15. The duration of Saros series 10 was 1316.2 years, and it contained 74 lunar eclipses.
In religion and philosophy
In money
Most countries issue coins and bills with a denomination of 10 (See e.g.
10 dollar note). Of these, the
dime, with the value of ten cents, or one tenth of a dollar, derives its name from the meaning "one tenth" - see
Dime (United States coin)#Denomination history and etymology.
In music
In sports and games
The meaning "10" is part of the following terms:
- decathlon, a combined event in athletics consisting of ten track and field events.
Also, the number 10 plays a role in the following:
- In American football, the end zones are 10 yards deep.
- In association football, the number 10 is traditionally worn by the team's playmaker. This use has led to "Number 10" becoming a synonym for that particular player, even if he or she does not wear that number.
- In Australian rules football, considered the break even amount of games won in a regular 22 game season.
- In baseball, 10 is the minimum number of players on the field at any given time during play (including the batter).
- In basketball:
- The top of the rim (goal) is 10 feet from the floor.
- In standard full-court basketball, there are 10 players on the court (5 on each team).
- In blackjack, the Ten, Jack, Queen and King are all worth 10 points.
- In cricket, 10 is the number of wickets required to be taken by the bowling side for the batting side to be bowled out.
- In gridiron football,
10 is the number of yards the offense must advance to maintain
possession in a single set of downs—four in American and three in Canadian.
- In most rugby league competitions, the number 10 is worn by one of the two starting props. (One exception to this rule
is the European Super League, which uses static squad numbering.)
In rugby union, the starting fly-half wears the 10 shirt.
In ten-pin bowling, 10 pins are arranged in a triangular pattern and there are 10 frames per game.
The highest score possible in Olympics gymnastics competitions.
Driving a racing car at ten-tenths is driving as fast as possible, on the limit.
The jersey number 10 has been retired by several North American sports teams in honor of past playing greats or other key figures:
- In Major League Baseball:
- In the NBA:
- The Boston Celtics, for Jo Jo White.
- The Chicago Bulls, for Bob Love.
- The Detroit Pistons, for Hall of Famer Dennis Rodman. Greg Monroe, who currently wears the number, is allowed to continue wearing it.
- The Miami Heat, for Tim Hardaway.
- The New York Knicks, for Hall of Famer Walt Frazier, who also served as a Knicks broadcaster after his playing career.
- The Philadelphia 76ers, for Maurice Cheeks, who also served as the team's head coach.
- The Seattle SuperSonics, for Nate McMillan, who also served as the team's head coach. The team has since relocated to become the Oklahoma City Thunder, but the Thunder have yet to issue any number retired by the franchise in Seattle.
- The Washington Wizards, for Hall of Famer Earl Monroe, who played for the team in its past incarnation as the Baltimore Bullets.
- In the NFL:
- In the NHL:
- The jersey number 10 has also been retired by the men's basketball program of the University of North Carolina for Lennie Rosenbluth.
In technology
In other fields
Ten is:
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